Abstract: In response to fierce competition in global market and diverse customers' needs,the manufacturing evolution from mass production to mass customization to mass personalization was analyzed,and a kind of push-pull mass customization production called leagile manufacturing was put forward.For meeting smart production in Industry 4.0,the so-called long-tail production consisted of mass personalization (especially 3D printing) and mass customization that was transformed from the leagile manufacturing by using cyber-physical systems.Meanwhile,the economic analysis on the long tail was made with the help of learn curves in economics.The long tail of smart making products for upgrading manufacturing in China was addressed.

Key words: manufacturing, long tail of making products, mass production, mass customization, mass personalization, smart manufacturing, industry 4.0, leagile manufacturing

摘要： 为了应对日益激烈竞争的全球化市场和日益多样的个性化需求,分析了制造业从大规模生产到大规模定制再到个性化生产的演化过程,提出一种称为精敏制造的推拉式大规模定制生产方式,然后利用信息物理系统将精敏制造转变为智能大规模定制,并与智能个性化生产(尤其3D打印)形成所谓的长尾生产方式以满足工业4.0智能生产需求,同时借助经济学中的学习曲线对这种长尾生产方式进行分析。最后基于智能化长尾生产方式探讨了我国制造业转型升级之路。

关键词: 制造业, 长尾生产, 大规模生产, 大规模定制, 个性化定制, 智能制造, 工业4.0, 精敏制造