关键词: 交通运输经济, 定价, 博弈论, 契约市场, 零售市场

Abstract: Under the background of gradual liberalization of rail freight rates,the problem of railway express transportation pricing decision with both allotment and spot market demand was researched.The game process of railway company and courier companies was analyzed,and the models were constructed respectively from sequential pricing and joint pricing two ways.The optimal pricing decision in these two pricing ways was analyzed and compared with each other.A method for determining the optimal level of capacity was presented in joint pricing way.The results showed that the railway company's benefit of joint pricing was higher than that of sequential pricing in most cases.Only when railway company's forecast error for spot market demand was greater than a certain threshold,the sequential pricing was better than joint pricing.With the express market uncertainty increased,the joint pricing enabled company to suffer fewer losses and higher earnings stability by comparing to sequential pricing.

Key words: transportation economy, pricing, game theory, allotment contracts market, spot market