Abstract: To investigate the strategy choice between competition and patent coopetition,and retired batteries recycling decisions for Electric Vehicle Manufacturers(EVMs)when EVMs take on the main responsibility of battery recycling,the characteristics of competition and patent coopetition between two EVMs were analyzed,and then the Cournot game model was constructed in the competition.In the patent coopetition,the Cournot game model and asymmetric Nash bargaining model were constructed,and the equilibria analysis derived from these two models were discussed.It was shown that the choice of the optimal strategy(competition or patent coopetition)depended on the bargaining power relationship between the two rival EVMs,the substitution degree of electric vehicles,and the recycling value of retired batteries;Pareto improvement in patent coopetition leaded to increase profits for EVMs and decrease vehicle price,in addition,the Pareto improvement in patent coopetition leaded to decrease(increase)recycling rate of EVM with(out)Battery Producing technology(BT);the recycling rate for EVM with BT was increasing in the recycling value of retired batteries regardless of competition or coopetition,while the impact of the recycling value of retired batteries on the recycling rate for EVM without BT depended on EVMs'competitive/coopetitive relationship and the cost difference of batteries.

Key words: electric vehicle, competition, patent coopetition, battery recycling, bargaining power

摘要： 为探讨电动汽车制造商的竞争与专利竞合策略选择及退役动力电池回收决策,考虑车企回收退役动力电池的情形,首先分析两电动汽车制造商之间的竞争与专利竞合的关系特征,而后运用非合作博弈理论在竞争模式下构建Cournot博弈模型,在专利竞合模式下构建Cournot博弈模型与非对称Nash谈判模型,最后进行模型求解及均衡分析。研究表明:①最优策略(竞争或专利竞合)的选择取决于电动汽车制造商的议价能力、电动汽车替代程度及退役动力电池回收利用价值;②当专利竞合策略实现两电动汽车制造商利润的帕累托改进时,其整车价格也比竞争模式更低,缺乏动力电池技术的制造商的退役动力电池回收率增加而具备动力电池技术的制造商的退役动力电池回收率降低;③具备动力电池技术的制造商的退役动力电池回收率与动力电池回收利用价值呈正相关,动力电池回收利用价值对缺乏动力电池技术的制造商的退役动力电池回收率的影响取决于两制造商的竞争/竞合关系及动力电池成本差异。

关键词: 电动汽车, 竞争, 专利竞合, 动力电池回收, 议价能力