Abstract: Delivery time uncertainty appears in the actual operations of different kinds of supply chains widely.The suitable contracts can improve the performances of supply chains facing delivery time uncertainty effectively.Considering a two-echelon supply chain system with one supplier and one retailer under demand uncertainty and delivery time uncertainty,two different inventory decision modes that were Retailer-Managed Inventory (RMI) and Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) were discussed.The impacts of delivery time uncertainty on the performance of supply chain were examined.Under the RMI model,the revenue-sharing factor and unit subsidy were introduced to coordinate the supply chain respectively based on the wholesale price contract;under the VMI model,the supply chain was coordinated with the joint contract of wholesale price and revenue-sharing factor.Furthermore,the optimal decisions of the members under the pure revenue sharing contract were obtained,and the unit subsidy was introduced into the pure revenue sharing contract to coordinate the supply chain under the VMI model.The result showed that the proposed contracts could reduce the negative impacts from delivery time uncertainty under proper conditions.

Key words: competition model, delivery time uncertainty, inventory decision, joint contract, coordination, supply chains

摘要： 交货时间不确定问题广泛存在于不同类型供应链的实际运作中,合适的契约是改进交货时间不确定的供应链性能的有效手段。本文同时考虑需求不确定和供应商交货时间不确定,构建由一个供应商和一个零售商组成的两级供应链模型,讨论了零售商管理库存(RMI)和供应商管理库存(VMI)两种模式下的库存决策模型,分析了交货时间不确定对供应链性能的影响。零售商管理库存模式中,在批发价契约的基础上引入收益分享因子或补贴费用参数以协调供应链;供应商管理库存模式中,除了用批发价格和收益分享因子联合契约来协调供应链以外,还进一步考虑了纯收益分享契约下供应链成员的决策模型,并通过引入补贴费用参数来协调供应链。研究表明,所提出的协调契约在一定条件下能有效降低交货时间不确定对供应链带来的负面影响。

关键词: 竞争模型, 交货时间不确定, 库存决策, 联合契约, 协调, 供应链