Abstract: By considering a two-echelon supply chain of ameliorating items consisted of a retailer and a supplier,the lot-for-lot policy was adopted to admit the retailer shortages and all shortages backlogging.The optimal ordering strategy of supply chain between the centralized and the decentralized decision were compared,and the result showed that the unit time total cost of supply chain under the centralized decision was obviously lower than under the decentralized decision,but the centralized decision would lead to increase the unit time total cost of the retailer.For compensating the cost losses of the retailer under the centralized decision,a quantity discount strategy provided by the supplier was applied to coordinate the supply chain.The quantity discount model was established and the optimal quantity discount contract was obtained.The numerical example verified that the optimal quantity discount contract could realize the unit time total cost minimum of retailer and supply chain at the same time.Through comparing with the existing literature,the research manifested that the unit time total cost of ameliorating items' supply chain with shortages was lower than with non-shortages when supplier provided the optimal quantity discount contract.The sensitivity analysis showed that the unit time total cost of ameliorating items' supply chain was negative correlation with the ameliorating rate,and positive correlation with per unit shortage cost.

Key words: ameliorating items, shortages, quantity discount, supply chain coordination

摘要： 考虑在一个供应商和一个零售商组成的二级改良品供应链中,采用批量对批量的供应模式,允许零售商缺货且缺货量全部拖后,比较了分散决策与集中决策下的供应链最优订购策略,结果表明：集中决策下的改良品供应链单位时间总成本明显比分散决策时低,但会导致零售商的单位时间总成本增加。为补偿集中决策下零售商的成本损失,采用数量折扣策略对供应链进行协调,建立数量折扣模型并求解最优数量折扣合同。通过数值算例验证了最优数量折扣合同能同时实现零售商和供应链的单位时间总成本最小化。通过与已有文献的研究结果对比可知,若供应商提供最优数量折扣合同,则允许缺货时的改良品供应链获得比不允许缺货时更低的单位时间总成本。敏感性分析结果表明,改良品供应链的单位时间总成本与改良率呈负相关关系,与单位缺货成本呈正相关关系。

关键词: 改良品, 缺货, 数量折扣, 供应链协调