Abstract: To solve the value sub-optimization problem stemming from requirements-driven design,a novel approach to develop a value model was proposed from irregular customer needs statements.The relationships among customer statements were inferred by using means-ends analysis and part-whole analysis,and the real customer needs were identified.Attributes for measuring customer needs were identified and selected with a decision model.Multi-attribute utility theory was introduced to model value of customer needs.The approach was enhanced with the capability of transforming dimensionless value in the value model back to one special dimension of customer needs with physical meaning such as surplus value.Aiming at the information quality problem in constructing process of customers needs value model,the corresponding sensitivity analysis technology was proposed.The proposed approach was applied to a customer needs value model of large civil aircraft,and the modeling and simulation were realized.

Key words: customer needs, value model, value-driven design, multi-attribute utility theory, sensitivity analysis

摘要： 为了解决需求驱动设计面临的价值子优化问题,提出一种从不规则的顾客需求陈述构建价值模型的方法:采用手段—目的分析和部分—整体分析推理需求陈述间的关系并识别顾客的真实需求;引入顾客需求可衡量属性的选择模型和多属性效用理论建模顾客需求的价值。该方法支持将无量纲的价值衡量转化为具有物理意义的一维属性值,如剩余价值等。针对顾客需求价值模型构建过程中存在的信息质量问题,提出相应的敏感度分析技术。将方法应用于大型民用飞机顾客需求价值模型的建立,并在软件中实现了建模和仿真。

关键词: 顾客需求, 价值模型, 价值驱动设计, 多属性效用理论, 敏感度分析