Abstract: To determine the impact of recycling and utilization of power battery on decision-making under Battery as a Service (BaaS) business model,a supply chain system consisting of a battery manufacturer,a vehicle manufacturer,a battery asset company,new energy vehicle consumers and gradient utilization consumers was investigated.Two pricing decision models without and with the recycling and utilization of power battery were constructed.Then,the optimal solutions and profits of supply chain in two cases were obtained by inverse solution method and were compared.The impacts of the battery rental duration,the battery proportion in the price of whole vehicle and the gradient utilization on the optimal solutions were analyzed.The results showed that:comparing with the case without the recycling and utilization of power battery,the case with those could obtain a lower battery rental price and a higher market demand and profit for the supply chain;the BaaS model was more suitable for the new energy vehicle market with a large proportion of the battery price,so as to give full play to its advantages in reducing the one-time purchase cost of consumers;when the battery rental duration exceeded a certain threshold,the battery asset company would choose to sell more used batteries to the battery manufacturer rather than gradient utilization consumers.

Key words: battery as a service business model, power battery supply chain, gradient utilization, battery rental, pricing decision

摘要： 为确定电池租用服务(BaaS)模式下电池回收利用对供应链定价决策的影响,对由电池制造商、车企、电池资产公司、新能源汽车消费者和梯级利用消费者组成的供应链系统进行研究。首先分别构建了不考虑和考虑回收利用的动力电池供应链定价决策模型;然后通过逆向求解法得到两种情形下各主体均衡决策及利润,并进行了比较;最后分析租赁时间、电池价格比例及梯级利用率对均衡决策的影响。研究发现:①与不考虑回收利用情形相比,考虑回收利用时电池租赁价格更低、新能源汽车市场需求和各企业利润更大;②BaaS模式更适用于电池价格比例较大的新能源汽车市场,以发挥其降低消费者一次性购车成本的优势;③当租赁时间大于某一阈值时,电池资产公司会选择将更多的废旧电池卖给电池制造商,而不是梯级利用消费者。

关键词: 电池租用服务模式, 动力电池供应链, 梯级利用, 电池租赁, 定价决策