Abstract: The research and application of digital twin have been entering a blowout period.In practice,there are three questions plaguing researchers,engineer and administrators.①How to tell if an application is a digital twin? ②How to tell whether an existing digital twin can meet the requirements? ③How to optimize a digital twin application to meet the requirements? Unfortunately,there is still a lack of a theoretical system to answer the above questions.To this end,the digital twin maturity model was put forward to help correctly understand and practice digital twin.Six levels of digital twin maturity were established.Then 19 digital twin maturity evaluation factors were proposed for operational digital twin maturity evaluation.The application process of digital twin maturity model was illustrated in detail with two application examples toward unit-level digital twin and system-level digital twin respectively.

Key words: digital twin, maturity model, maturity level, maturity evaluation factor

摘要： 数字孪生作为一种实现信息物理融合,促进数字化转型和智能化提升的有效手段,受到国内外学术界、工业界和政府部门的广泛关注。然而,在数字孪生研究和落地应用过程中,存在以下疑惑和问题:①如何判断是不是数字孪生？②如何评判现有数字孪生能否满足应用需求？③若不满足应用需求如何优化提升？为解决上述问题,基于团队数字孪生前期研究基础,研究提出了一套数字孪生成熟度模型,将数字孪生成熟度分为“以虚仿实(L0)、以虚映实(L1)、以虚控实(L2)、以虚预实(L3)、以虚优实(L4)、虚实共生(L5)”六个等级。为便于不同数字孪生实际应用的成熟度评价操作,基于作者团队前期提出的数字孪生五维模型,从五个维度提出了19项数字孪生成熟度评价因子,并设计了一套数字孪生成熟度评价应用流程。最后,分别面向单元级数字孪生(如机器人)和系统级数字孪生(如车间)开展了数字孪生成熟度评价应用,验证了所提方法的可用性和有效性。数字孪生当前还处于应用的初级阶段,期望相关工作能为进一步认识数字孪生,开展数字孪生学术研究和交流,推广落地应用提供一些参考。

关键词: 数字孪生, 成熟度模型, 成熟度等级, 成熟度评价因子