Abstract: Asynchronous collaboration is usual in the conceptual stage of product design,and has powerful potential.But it's rarely mentioned in literatures.For this problem,an asynchronous collaboration method for product design process was designed,and the collaborative innovation experiments with open solution space based on previous work was constructed for generating collective intelligence through team co-opetition.Product design team's collaboration method included asynchronous collaboration rules and profit allocation rules.The experiments were carried out with cup design as task,and a control group was set up.Designers and their outcomes were expressed with a bipartite network,with which designs evolution,impact factors,collaborative features,designers' behavior and roles were analyzed.The result showed that the asynchronous collaboration could demonstrate more production than control group,both in number and in quality,and the designs were evolving the process.In a collaborative environment,designers' behavior showed some characteristic role patterns,and designers' collaboration demonstrated common features of general social network,but the node connection style was typical for design tasks.The research was useful for promoting team innovation's effects,and the individual behavior model for further simulation study was prepared to obtain statistical conclusions.

Key words: product design, team, asynchronous collaboration, collaborative innovation, social network

摘要： 异步协作是产品概念创新阶段最常见的协作模式,用于产品设计,具有很大潜力,但相关研究很少。鉴于此,设计了面向产品创新的异步协作模式,并在前期实验的基础上进一步开展了基于开放式解空间的协作创新实验,以期实现竞争与协作并存的团队创新,形成群体智慧。协作模式设计包含异步协作规则和利益分配两方面内容,以水杯为载体开展协作创新实验,并设置了对照组。利用二部网络模型将设计师和产品纳入同一个模型框架,基于实验数据对设计方案的质量演化、影响因素、设计师的协作特征、设计师的行为与角色特征等进行了分析。实验结果表明,基于异步协作模式的产出数量和质量均高于对照组的独立创新方式,且设计方案带有明显的进化特征;协作环境下的设计师行为呈现出若干典型角色特征;设计师之间的协作呈现出社会网络的一般特征,但其节点连接模式是创新任务所特有的。

关键词: 产品设计, 团队, 异步协作, 协作创新, 社会网络