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2011-03-25, Volume 17 Issue 03

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Further discussion on cloud manufacturing

LI Bo-hu,,, ZHANG Lin,+, REN Lei,, CHAI Xu-dong, TAO Fei,, LUO Yong-liang,, WANG Yong-zhi, YIN Chao, HUANG Gang6, ZHAO Xin-pei7

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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Based on existing literatures and recent studies, Cloud Manufacturing(CMfg)was discussed in particular. CMfg was a new service-oriented, high efficiency & low consumption, knowledge-based, and intelligent networked agile manufacturing model and technology. It enriched and expanded the range of resource sharing and service model in cloud computing, promoted agile, service, green and intelligent-oriented manufacturing development. By integrating cloud computing, Internet of things, High Performance Calculation(HPC), service computing, Artificial Intelligence(AI)and information-oriented manufacturing, service system and technical architecture of CMfg were constructed. Based on two application examples, CMfg platforms and application models oriented to group enterprises and small-medium enterprises were discussed respectively. Finally, suggestions for CMfg implementation and development in China were presented.

Article

Analyses of cloud manufacturing and related advanced manufacturing models

ZHANG Lin,, LUO Yong-liang,+, FAN Wen-hui, TAO Fei,, REN Lei,

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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In order to comprehensively understand relationship between Cloud Manufacturing(CMfg)and existing manufacturing models, concepts, backgrounds, and state-of-the-art of several typical models related to CMfg were systematically analyzed, such as agile manufacturing, networked manufacturing and service oriented manufacturing. On this basis, relations and differences were discussed between CMfg and existing models from philosophy perspective and application models. Characteristics and connotation of CMfg were presented, it was pointed out that CMfg aims to achieve agile, service-oriented, green and intelligent manufacturing, it was a new phase of networked manufacturing, and was materialization of service-oriented manufacturing.

Integrated architecture of cloud manufacturing based on federation mode

FAN Wen-hui, XIAO Tian-yuan

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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Cloud Manufacturing Platform(CMP)could provide diverse online services for group enterprises as well as small & medium enterprises. However, the cross-platform sharing and collaboration of cloud manufacturing resource and ability were restricted by heterogeneity and incompatibility. To deal with this problem, Cloud manufacturing Federation Integration Architecture(CloudFIA) and Could manufacturing Federation Execution Infrastructure(CloudFEI)were proposed which provided effective integration for various heterogeneous CMP. It not only realized sharing and collaboration among CMP manufacturing resources but also maintained autonomy of system. Any Joining or exit of CMP would not influence operation of other CMPs.

Typical characteristics of cloud manufacturing and several key issues of cloud service composition

TAO Fei,, ZHANG Lin,, GUO Hua,, LUO Yong-liang,, REN Lei,

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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In order to realize sharing and collaboration of manufacturing resources and manufacturing ability based on knowledge and to realize added value of manufacturing resource, through analyzing typical characteristics of Cloud Manufacturing(CMfg), relationships among resources, manufacturing cloud service and manufacturing cloud were discussed. Function structure of CMfg service management prototype system was designed. Requirements of Cloud Service Composition(CSC)in whole-lifecycle implementation of CMfg were studied. Several key issues for CSC, including modeling, description and consistency check, correlation relationship, composition flexibility, composition network as well as its dynamic characteristics, modeling & evaluation, and optimal-selection were studied in particular. It provided theoretical foundation for realizing effective and intelligent CMfg service management.

Cloud manufacturing service platform for group enterprises oriented to manufacturing and management

ZHAN De-chen, ZHAO Xi-bin, WANG Shun-qiang, CHENG Zhen, ZHOU Xue-quan+, NIE Lan-shun, XU Xiao-fei

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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It was a development trend of future business to transform from pure manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing. In order to support this transformation and resolve conflict between fluctuant orders and continuous manufacturing capacities, based on the effective integration of resources, group enterprise cloud manufacturing service platform oriented to manufacturing and management was put forward. After analyzing resources and requirements characteristics of current business groups such as CNR, concepts of cloud enterprise and cloud manufacturing services were defined. Then service-oriented manufacturing process and service-oriented management process were realized through resources integration, requirements integration and optimization on demand. Cloud manufacturing service system and cloud manufacturing service platform for group enterprises oriented to manufacturing and management, the platforms architecture and core technologies were further analyzed. Finally it pointed out that application of this service platform could support group enterprises transfering from pure manufacturing to servitized manufacturing.

Common key technology system of cloud manufacturing service platform for small and medium enterprises

YIN Chao, HUANG Bi-qing, LIU Fei，WEN Li-jie，WANG Zhao-kun，LI Xiao-dong，YANG Shu-ping，YE Dan，LIU Xian-hui6

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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Cloud manufacturing service platform for Small and Medium Enterprises(SME)provided effective support for the SME to facilitate utilization and sharing of social manufacturing resources as well as to enhance enterprises general competitiveness. Features of cloud manufacturing service platform for SME were analyzed, common key technology system architecture of platform was constructed. Meanwhile, research idea and content of common key technology of platform were discussed, including core theory and technology, standards and specifications, system architecture, common engines and common management tools, service mode and operation mode, application architecture et al. Thus, the research laid foundation for the future research, development, implementation and application of cloud manufacturing platform for SME.

Ubiquitous human-computer interaction in cloud manufacturing

MA Cui-xia, REN Lei,, TENG Dong-xing, WANG Hong-an, DAI Guo-zhong

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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In order to enable user's interface satisfy various individualized requirements in Cloud Manufacturing(CMfg)environment, characteristics of user's interface were firstly analyzed, such as ubiquitous, natural, intelligent and mobile, virtualized and loose coupled, individualized and be customized in entire product lifecycle. Then the next generation Human-Computer Interaction(HCI)technologies were reviewed including reality-based HCI, natural user's interface, pen-based user interface and context perception. Further, a research framework of ubiquitous HCI technology in CMFg was presented and the key technologies were analyzed in particular, among which dynamic requirement configuration of virtual resources in user's interface, ubiquitous interface customization, natural interaction oriented to ubiquitous equipment, visual analysis oriented to ubiquitous information and pen-based opration platform. Finally, the future of HCI technology research in CMFg was discussed.

Resource virtualization in cloud manufacturing

REN Lei,, ZHANG Lin,, ZHANG Ya-bin,,, TAO Fei,, LUO Yong-liang,

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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As a key technology of Cloud Manufacturing(CMfg), resource virtualization leveraged Internet of Things(IoT), Cyber-Physical System(CPS), and computing virtualization to achieve intelligent perception and control of all kinds of physical manufacturing resources, which could be transformed into logic resources so as to decouple physical elements from application services. Resource virtualization targeted to support a virtual service environment for CMfg with high efficiency, agility, reliability, security, and usability. Relevant technologies of CMfg resource virtualization were analyzed. And a layered framework for resource virtualization in CMfg was proposed. It was also pointed out that CMfg resource virtualization could realize overall resource sharing, obtain higher resource utilization rate and reduce energy consumption. It supported collaboration operation of multi-Agent with high reliability and security. It also provided satisfactory service operation environment for overall product lifecycle users.

Manufacturing resources cloud locating services platform based on separated data cloud and application cloud

HUANG Gang, ZHONG Xiao-yong, LONG Yuan-ming, ZHANG Guo-jun

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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To realize business function decoupling among each participator, a new kind of cloud manufacturing service mode was presented which included four roles：manufacturing services user, manufacturing services provider, manufacturing applications provider and services platform operator. Among these four roles, manufacturing applications provider could further be divided into solution provider, application tools developer and fundamental data provider, and then the data cloud and application cloud were separated. Fundamental data provider was studied in detail. A cloud platform and its composition of manufacturing resource fundamental data based on position technologies was studied，and several application scenarios of cloud position in manufacturing environment were discussed. Finally, a cloud manufacturing service framework in which fundamental data cloud was separated from application cloud was presented, thereby a novel construction thinking for actual application mode of cloud manufacturing service was provided.

Outsourcing resources integration service mode and semantic description in cloud manufacturing environment

YIN Sheng, YIN Chao+, LIU Fei, LI Xiao-bin

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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According to properties constitution and characteristics as disperse, heterogeneous, dynamic, and combinatorial for outsourcing service resources and service demand information, a kind of integrated service mode with the features of wide-area integration and distributed service was set up, which could promote rapid sharing and high utilization rate of outsourcing resources in cloud manufacturing environment. Then, some key technologies were studied, including general implementation framework of outsourcing resources semantic description based on Web Service Modeling Ontology(WSMO), ontology modeling for outsourcing resources, mechanism of Web service interaction and combination for outsourcing resources, and mediation of Web service heterogeneous compatibility for outsourcing resources. Based on the key technologies, interoperability and combination problem of heterogeneous outsourcing resources was effectively resolved, and dynamic matching for suppliers and buyers of outsourcing resources was realized. Finally, service mode and realization technology were verified through an application case.

Method for complex product collaborative design based on cloud service

HE Dong-jing,, SONG Xiao,, WANG Qi,, XU Cheng,

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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To solve the problems of distributed collaboration, information or resources sharing, and knowledge reuse among designers during process of complex product design, a novel method for complex product collaborative design based on cloud service was proposed. The key point of the method was Cloud Service Middleware(CSM). Information, resources and knowledge during design process were described by abundant semantics, which were contained by construction of domain ontology and knowledge base in cloud services. A new service-composition approach was proposed, which integrated event-driven service model and Semantic Service Logic Graphics(S2LG). Firstly, operations such as task decomposition and service publication were completed under event-driven. Then, S2LG was utilized to express logic or sequential relationships among services. Subsequently, service composition was executed to accomplish complex product design. Finally, a case study of the whole design of an aircraft was presented to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.

Cloud model for data distribution management

MEI Hong-biao,, WANG Jian

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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A strategy of data distribution management was put forward based on cloud model and interest layer management. Pan-extend trees were set up after extends were treated with cloud model. And data of senders was further filtered with these pan-extend trees, therefore matching data amount was reduced. Then, hash relation tables were introduced in order to realize rapid matching. Experiments showed that this new method could guarantee the regions be matched rapidly during simulation process while assuring matching precision. This new implementation method ensured real-time data exchange between federation members efficiently, and guaranteed critical data and transportation stability.

Overlapping model and simulation optimization in concurrent product development

WU Zhao-yun, LI Li, ZHAO Han

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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In view of the disadvantages of current overlapping planning method in concurrent product development process, information evolution characteristics of upstream activity were analyzed. Information evolution mode of upstream activity was described by information accumulation function and non-stationary Poisson process. Based on the concept of comprehensive information influence quantity, information communication strategy and rework impact function of downstream activity were proposed. Aiming at two different modes of overlapping model, a uniform time computing model was constructed. According to the maximization principles of global gain, an objective decision model of overlapping planning was presented. Simulation method was proposed to replace traditional mathematical analytic method and optimize overlapping model. And the advantages and steps of the method were presented. Finally, an example was given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Collaborative design strategy of product modularity based on multi-Agent

LIU Jin-fei, CHEN Ming, YAO Yuan, KONG Qing-hua

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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To meet requirements of Product Collaborative Design(PCD)in distributed heterogeneous environment, collaborative design strategy of product modularity based on multi-Agent was proposed. Firstly, PCD top-down 4-tier process model based on multi-Agent was constructed after analyzing mapping relationships between requirements and functions in collaborative design. Secondly, multi-objective optimization mathematic model of decomposition-based modularity was established from perspectives of module cohesion degree, module coupling degree and module executable degree. Optimal modules were obtained by modularity decomposition Agent, and similarity algorithm was used to search the best matching Agents to solve modules. Finally, integrated reasoning and decision-making mechanism were introduced to set up behavioral model of collaborative design Agent. Parallel consultation mechanisms for Agents based on blackboard was given. On this basis, Browser/Server(B/S)based system for automobile collaborative design was developed, and the feasibility and efficiency of this strategy were proved in an example of collaborative design of automobile bodies.

Model of hierarchical case-based reasoning for product scheme design based on knowledge reuse

WANG Ti-chun, BU Liang-feng, WANG Wei

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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Due to the complicated, multi-level, multi-attribute and creative process of product structure configuration of complex product scheme design, reasonable organization and reuse of design knowledge were guaranteed for improving product design efficiency. Based on multi-level case decomposition, multi-level case-based reasoning and reuse of scheme design knowledge were studied, a formal expression model of hierarchical association and conductivity reasoning for complex product scheme design was presented, conductivity effect function of multi-level reasoning process was established. And then, multi-level case-based reasoning algorithm was put forward and implementation process of initial design scheme was provided. Finally, an example was used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and algorithm.

Query method for peer-to-peer knowledge integration network

ZHOU Jing-tao, YANG Hai-cheng, WANG Ming-wei, ZHAO Han, ZHANG Shu-sheng, MO Rong

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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In order to achieve equilibrium between knowledge acquisition efficiency and semantic consistence in query process of Peer-to-Peer(P2P)-oriented knowledge integration network, a query approach combing classified query, semantic routing and semantic inference mechanisms was proposed. Accoring to characteristics of network topological structure, the approach defined query category oriented to different scopes and limited the scope of query. Knowledge node routing lists based on semantic matching which satisfied query requirements were obtained. Semantic scope was limited selectively in order to obtain higher query efficiency and more reasonable query result sets. Semantic inference mechanism was established. With the help of contextual semantic models, it supported formal expression of complicated query semantics. This query mechanism made full use of topological structure characteristics of integrated network and semantic reasoning feature of knowledge integration network, it reduced search time and space consumption, enhanced semantic consistence and semantic reasoning ability.

Research and implementation of tooling configuration for product family

ZHENG Lian-yu, JI Lu

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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To support rapid development of reconfigurable tooling of variant products in product family, based on theory of product configuration, a new tooling configuration methodology was proposed by using tooling instances, composite tooling and configuration rules simultaneously. Concept and definitions of tooling configuration for product family were firstly presented. Then knowledge models for tooling instance, composite tooling and configuration rule were constructed, Three types of tooling configuration data objects including product, process and tooling resource as well as their relationships were analyzed.Based on above-mentioned knowledge and data objects, concrete process of tooling configuration was also proposed. Finally, a prototype system of tooling configuration was developed and an example of key part of a rocket separator family was used to validate the proposed methodologies. Test results indicated that the presented method was able to provide a rapid solution to tooling design and management for product family.

Virtual assembly technology based on precision and physical attribute

LIU Jian-hua, HOU Wei-wei, ZHANG Zhi-xian, LIU Wei-dong, JIANG Ke

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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According to workshop production requirements and development of virtual assembly technology, a virtual assembly technology integrating assembly precision, physical attributes, cable harness & tube assembly simulation was put forward. Various problems might occur in assembly process were simulated from perspectives of process, precision and physical attributes so as to provide effective methods for scientific product assembly and assembly quality prediction. Workflow of this method was introduced. Key technologies were discussed, including assembly precision pre-analysis technology, physical attributes-based virtual assembly technology, flexible cable harness & pipe modeling and assembly simulation technology under virtual environment. Finally, validity of the proposed technology was verified by simulation experiment.

Block-building operation place configuration problem for shipbuilding enterprises

HU Shi-cheng, HUANG Jun-heng, LIU Yang, XU Yong-dong, LIU Yang

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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Aiming at the planning of block-building operation place configuration for multiple projects in shipbuilding enterprises under advanced ship building policy, various complicated constraints for Block-building Operation Place Configuration Problem(BOPCP)were analyzed. Then, difference volumes which incorporated time and space criterion for evaluation of BOPCP were presented，and optimization model for multiple project BOPCP was established. In order to solve BOPCP, some heuristic rules in different stages were put forward and afterwards, a heuristic algorithm based on optimization and combination of rules was designed. Finally, the proposed algorithm was verified by simulation experiments.

GA-ACO for solving flexible job shop scheduling problem

CHEN Cheng, XING Li-ning

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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To solve flexible job shop scheduling problem effectively, a hybrid approach which combined Genetic Algorithm(GA)with Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)was proposed. GA was applied to tackle machine assignment problem, while ACO was employed to deal with operation sequencing problem. In the solution process, knowledge was continuously learned from previous optimization process and then adopted to guide subsequent optimization. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was validated through an experiment.

Dynamic scheduling for multiple mould and die projects based on improved particle swarm optimization

ZHANG Sha-qing,, CHEN Xin-du, CHEN Qing-xin, CHEN Xin

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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A heuristic dynamic scheduling algorithm was proposed to repair multiple mould and die projects baseline scheduling which suffered from multiple tasks taking longer time than planning during projects execution. Firstly, a baseline scheduling minimizing weighted sum duration of projects was established with improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)and was improved by setting time buffers based on critical chain management method. Then, a heuristic dynamic scheduling model with optimization object of minimizing disruptions cost was constructed, and the improved PSO was used to solve it. Finally, feasibility and reliability of the improved PSO were analyzed by simulations, and it was compared to normal PSO.

Evaluation model and algorithm for knowledge contribution of enterprise staff

LE Cheng-yi,, XU Fu-yuan, GU Xin-jian, PAN Kai, DAI Feng, PENG Ben-hong

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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There were few scientific & quantitative methods in evaluating knowledge contribution of enterprise staff. In order to tackle this problem, an evaluation model and method for knowledge contribution of enterprise staff was proposed. With the help of Web 2.0 technologies, the method divided knowledge contribution into participation contribution, efficiency contribution and innovation contribution, which were based on staff's behaviors of knowledge publishing, evaluation and application. And then an evaluation model of staff's knowledge contribution was constructed. According to this model, knowledge evaluation algorithm and staff's knowledge contribution evaluation algorithm were put forward. Finally, a simulation test was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

An improved differential evolution algorithm for uncertain process shop scheduling problem

WANG Wan-liang, XU Xin-li, SHI Li-na, CHEN Li-li

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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Considering uncertain factors in actual production scheduling of process industry, such as Input-output ratio, equipment conversion, and so on, the uncertain process shop scheduling model was established to maximize area of satisfaction based on fuzzy theory. In order to improve optimization performance of algorithm, a multi-variant and two-way cross differential evolution algorithm was presented to increase population of individuals in search space traversal and merit-based selection. Finally, the improved algorithm was applied to solve polyvinyl chloride resin shop scheduling of an electro-chemical plant, and the influence of time length, different mutation strategies and initial capacity of intermediate storage on scheduling results were analyzed. Simulation results revealed effectiveness and stability of the improved algorithm.

Tool path generation on measured data using moving least squares method

HAN You-ang, ZHANG Ying-jie

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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To solve low accuracy and efficiency problem of rapid prototype manufacturing in reverse engineering, a new algorithm was proposed to generate roughing and finishing tool paths on measured data directly by using Moving Least-Squares(MLS)method, and corresponding fitting error was analyzed. Roughing was performed in a slice-by-slice manner to remove material rapidly. An offset point cloud was firstly produced by the given machining allowance, and slicing data points were fitted by using MLS method to generate offset curve. Then whole region was partitioned into several sub-cut regions. Cutting path with a Zigzag way for roughing was obtained. Ball-end cutter was selected to guarantee machining precision, and offset point cloud was generated by offsetting point cloud a cutter radius and removing local interference points. Then, slicing data points were fitted to locate cutter location points. Data points were connected consequently to generate final cutting paths. Experimental results showed that the proposed method was efficient for roughing, and finishing could satisfy given accuracy while avoid local interference.

Simulation on gear backlash and interference check of harmonic drive with circular-arc teeth profile

CHEN Xiao-xia, LIN Shu-zhong, XING Jing-zhong, LIU Yu-sheng

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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To ensure uniqueness, geometry invariability and continuity of tooth profile expression, a representation for circular-arc tooth profile based on arc length coordinate was proposed, and Heaviside function was used to present common tangent double circular-arc tooth profile. Assembly models of harmonic drive with circular-arc tooth profile were built under different wave generators. In these models, flexspline tooth could reflect the real working state of deformed flexspline. Using coordinate transformation, meshing simulation was executed by determining the relative position of engaged teeth profile. Then, gear backlash distribution of engaged teeth profile during assembly was obtained. And interference check was carried out according to the backlash. Experimental results showed that harmonic drive with double circular-arc tooth profile had wider meshing range and uniform backlash distribution. The change of maximum radial displacement of flexspline would lead to larger influence on backlash distribution, even cause teeth rofile interference.

Synthesis evaluation of simulation model credibility based on error feature analysis

WU Jing, WU Xiao-yan, TENG Jiang-chuan, CHEN Yong-xing

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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Aiming at the problems existed in traditional model validation methods, a methodology of grey synthesis evaluation of model credibility based on error feature analysis was proposed. Error feature indicators were analyzed and multi-indicator error feature matrix was established. Furthermore, grey synthesis evaluation method based on entropy weight and grey relational analysis was discussed in detail. Finally, the proposed method was applied to model validation. Application result showed that this method could reduce risks faced by traditional error analysis effectively, which were caused by using only on indicator to assess model credibility.

Ontology-based product-service system configuration of mass customization

DONG Ming, SU Li-yue

2011, 17(03):  0-0. 

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To satisfy product configuration requirements of Product Service System(PSS)under mass customization, and realize quick & accurate product configuration, an ontology-based modular modeling and configuration method was proposed. In configuration-oriented total product modeling, reachable matrix was adopted to modularize service elements to support configuration process. A meta-ontology of total product configuration in PSS was set up to facilitate the sharing and reuse of the model. For total product configuration in a specific PSS, structural knowledge inheriting from meta-ontology was formalized in Ontology Web Language(OWL). Constraints of total product configuration and customer requirement were formalized in Semantic Web Rule Language(SWRL)and Java Expert System Shell(JESS)programs. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated by an example of vehicle total product configuration.