Abstract: To explore the innovation strategy choices of supply chain companies when lead users participate in research and development,a supply chain system consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer was constructed,which simultaneously produced and sold both conventional products and innovative products that were interchangeable.The closed innovation strategy,lead user innovation strategy and a supply chain coordination strategy based on “cost sharing and benefit sharing” were proposed.The three strategies were compared and analyzed using Stackelberg game method.Additionally,the impact of consumer heterogeneity on supply chain innovation decisions was taken into consideration,and numerical analysis was conducted on the decision results with varying costs of independent innovation for manufacture.The results indicated that the lead user innovation strategy could compensate for the shortcomings of closed innovation;the execution effectiveness of the innovation strategy could be improved by selecting lead users;changes in the market and innovation strategy might impact supply chain decisions and conventional product pricing;the adoption of the “cost sharing and benefit sharing” model could improve the profitability of the manufacturer to some extent.

Key words: lead user, supply chain management, user innovation, innovation investment, innovation efficiency

摘要： 为了探讨供应链企业在领先用户参与研发时的创新策略选择问题,构建了一个由制造商和零售商组成的供应链系统,且同时生产和销售互为替代品的常规产品和创新产品。提出了封闭式创新策略、领先用户创新策略和基于“成本共担利益共享”的供应链协调策略,并使用Stackelberg博弈方法对3种策略进行了对比分析。此外,还考虑了消费者异质性对供应链创新决策的影响,并对不同制造商自主创新成本下的决策结果进行了数值分析。结果表明:领先用户创新策略能弥补封闭式创新的缺陷;可以通过对领先用户的选择来改善创新策略的执行效果;市场的变化和创新策略的变化均会影响供应链的决策和常规产品的定价;采用“成本共担利益共享”模式一定程度上可以改善制造商的利润情况。

关键词: 领先用户, 供应链管理, 用户创新, 创新投资, 创新效率