Abstract: Based on ‘function’ in intention realm but mixed the consideration from physical realm,the current function structure method was complexity-coupled and hard applied.To solve this problem,Affordance concept of real domain and function concept were taken as a common basis to decompose the function structure method.One was the reverse function structure from the function view,which started from the consideration what the people want to do;another was Affordance function structure from the affordance view,which started from the consideration what the environment allow to occur.Thus the decoupling of complexity was accomplished,and a reformed function structure method was obtained.The thinking confusion in the drawing process was eliminated with proposed method,and the practicability was also improved.

Key words: function, Affordance concept, engineering design, function structure, design theory, design methodology

摘要： 当前功能结构图方法仅以意图域概念“功能”为基础,但同时暗含从现实域出发的考虑,这造成了复杂度耦合,使得绘制过程难以下笔。为解决这一问题,吸收现实域的Affordance概念与功能概念共同作为方法基础,并基于这两个概念将功能结构图方法的绘制分解为：从功能维度逆向思考“人想要发生什么”的倒逼功能结构图,以及从Affordance维度顺向思考“在其环境下可能发生什么”的Affordance功能结构图,从而完成复杂度解耦,得到改良功能结构图方法。该方法解除了绘制过程中的思维混乱,降低了绘制门槛,提高了实用性。

关键词: 功能, Affordance概念, 工程设计, 功能结构图, 设计理论, 设计方法学