Abstract: The concept and technology of Digital Twin was initially formed in the manufacturing industry.With the advancement of modeling,simulation and control technology,and the development of a new generation of information technology,digital twins are rapidly used in more than 10 fields such as cities,agriculture,and construction.Digital Twin has been vigorously promoted in more than 50 directions,and this concept has now become a frontier and hot spot in these fields.Through comparing the critical issues,main application scenarios,key technologies,data sources,etc of different types of digital twin systems,the concept of industrial Digital Twin System (iDTS) was proposed with summarizing the typical characteristics of iDTS,including people-centered thinking,“human-machine-environment” mutual fusion,high fidelity of the system and complexity of twin models.An iDTS integrated these characteristics with the functional structure composed of physical layer,perception layer,twin layer,application layer and control layer.In addition,a four-stage iDTS maturity model was developed,and simulation-oriented and control-oriented iDTS were proposed.Four kinds of iDTS operating modes were analyzed,which were localized configuration mode,“cloud-end” mode,“cloud-edge-end” mode and distributed computing mode respectively,and the feasibility of the proposed iDTS operating modes were verified with typical cases for specific industrial application scenarios.

Key words: intelligent manufacturing, industrial digital twin system, maturity model, functional structure, operating mode

摘要： 数字孪生的理念与技术最初在制造业形成,随着建模仿真与控制技术的进步,以及新一代信息技术的发展,数字孪生在城市、农业、建筑等10余领域、50多个方向快速推广,这一理念目前已成为这些领域的前沿与热点方向。在对比不同类别的数字孪生系统的关键问题、主要应用场景、关键技术和数据来源等基础上,提出了工业数字孪生系统(iDTS)的概念,总结了iDTS的典型特点,包括以人为中心、“人-机-环境”相互融合、系统高保真度和孪生模型复杂性;iDTS通过由物理层、感知层、孪生层、应用层和控制层组成的系统结构来支撑系统的运行;在此基础上,提出了一个四阶段的iDTS成熟度模型,并分别定义了以仿真为主和以控制为主的iDTS。最后,结合具体工业应用场景,分析了本地化配置的运行模式、基于“云-端”的运行模式、基于“云-边-端”的运行模式和基于分布式计算的运行模式4种iDTS的运行模式,并通过典型案例描述了不同iDTS的运行模式。

关键词: 智能制造, 工业数字孪生系统, 成熟度模型, 功能结构, 运行模式