Abstract: Concept of key assembly characteristics was proposed according to structure and assembly characteristics of aircraft product.Method to identify and control key assembly characteristics was systematically analyzed.key assembly characteristics were difficult to be identified in the design phase, it needed to refer to assembly scheme.Datum flow chain was addressed to present the accumulation of variation among joints.The most error stacked joints were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to identify key assembly characteristics.The key assembly characteristics were controlled by flown-down to sub assembly and compensation.An example was provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method by identifying and controling the key assembly characteristics of an aircraft vertical tail.

Key words: aircraft manufacture, assembly, key characteristics, assembly accuracy, error accumulation, datum flow chain

摘要： 根据飞机产品结构与装配特点提出了关键装配特性的概念，系统地分析了该特性的识别与控制方法。关键装配特性通常难以在设计阶段识别，需参考装配方案，根据基准传递链分析装配过程中的误差积累路线，针对误差积累最多的环节从定性与定量的角度对其进行判定。所确定的关键装配特性可以通过向下分解与补偿的方式加以控制。以某型飞机垂尾部件装配过程为例，验证了该方法的有效性。

关键词: 飞机制造, 装配, 关键特性, 装配准确度, 误差积累, 基准传递链