Abstract: To improve the loading rate of medical waste transfer vehicles,decrease the collection cost,shorten the collection cycle and reduce the risk of disease transmission and environmental pollution,a medical waste collaborative collection mode based on collection centers was proposed.A model of collaborative collection vehicles routing problem was constructed.Through optimization,the optimal collaborative collection scheme was obtained,and the collaborative collection cost was reasonably allocated to each collection center by using the Shapley value method.Based on the amount of medical waste to be collected and the location distribution of collection centers,a large number of numerical examples were designed and solved to analyze the influencing factors of cost saving.The results show that:①The collaborative collection mode could effectively shorten the collection cycle.When the amount of medical waste to be collected was large,the collection cycle shortening percentage was higher up to 75%.②The collaborative collection mode could significantly reduce the collection cost.In general,the cost saving percentage was about 48%~88%;under the same collection cycle constraint,when the amount of medical waste to be collected was less,the cost saving was higher;the more centralized the distribution of collection centers,the higher the economic benefits brought by collaboration.

Key words: medical waste, collaborative collection mode, cost allocation, Shapley value method

摘要： 为提高医疗废弃物转运车装载率,降低回收成本,缩短回收周期,降低疾病传播和环境污染风险,提出基于回收点的医疗废弃物协作回收模式,构建了医疗废弃物协作回收车辆路径问题模型,通过优化得到最优协作回收方案,采用Shapley值法将协作回收成本合理分摊至各回收点。基于医疗废弃物待回收量和回收点位置分布,设计并求解了大量算例,以分析成本节约的影响因素。结果表明:①协作回收模式可以有效缩短回收周期,医疗废弃物待回收量较多时,回收周期缩短百分比更高,最高可达75%。②协作回收模式可以显著降低回收成本,一般情况下,成本节约百分比约为48%~88%;相同回收周期约束下,医疗废弃物待回收量较少时,成本节约更高;回收点位置分布越集中,协作带来的经济效益越高。

关键词: 医疗废弃物, 协作回收模式, 成本分摊, Shapley值法