Abstract: Overhead work is a common posture in the industrial production,architecture construction and maintenance and repair of equipment.Implementing workload assessment for the upper extremities in overhead work can help identify work-related risks,reduce the occurrence rate of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs),and provide essential support for optimizing work processes and equipment.The definition of overhead work and ergonomic exposures related to upper limb operations were studied.A comparison analysis was conducted by comparing qualitative assessment,quantitative assessment,and assessment based on Digital Human Modeling (DHM),and their respective strengths and limitations were elucidated.A detailed review of the theoretical foundations and technical approaches was performed for evaluating upper limb workload in overhead work,which included observation and self-report methods,physiological and biochemical measurements,motion analysis system and other measurement techniques,as well as data processing methods and the application of DHM tools.The classification,effectiveness and advantages and disadvantages of auxiliary equipment for alleviating the workload of overhead work were discussed.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects of workload assessment for the upper extremities in overhead work were summarized and outlined.

Key words: overhead work, upper extremities workload assessment, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomic exposures

摘要： 过头作业是工业化生产、建筑施工、装备维修与维护等领域常用操作姿势之一,对其上肢负荷评估能够识别作业风险,减少职业肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSDs)发生几率,为作业方式、环境及条件优化提供重要支撑。对过头作业概念及其上肢工效学暴露问题进行研究,对比分析定性评估法、定量评估法和基于数字人建模的评估法的优势和不足,从实地考察、问卷自评量表、生理与生化指标测定、运动捕捉等测量手段及数字人建模方面对现阶段过头作业上肢负荷评估的理论基础和技术方案进行综述,并探讨了减缓过头作业上肢负荷的辅助设备的类别、效果及优劣。最后,对过头作业上肢负荷评估存在的问题和发展前景进行了总结和展望。

关键词: 过头作业, 上肢负荷评估, 职业肌肉骨骼损伤, 工效学暴露