Abstract: In view of the problems of over-maintenance and under-maintenance in the current urban rail transit maintenance strategy and the single opportunity maintenance,a multi-component preventive multi-level opportunity maintenance strategy based on reliability was proposed.Based on the analysis of historical fault data,the different levels of opportunity maintenance thresholds were set for different components,and a flexible multi-level opportunity maintenance strategy was established.In addition,the fault rate increase factor and service age reduction factor were introduced into the maintenance strategy,and the optimal preventive maintenance cycle and maintenance times were obtained by combining failure maintenance,preventive maintenance,multi-level opportunity maintenance and preventive replacement according to the reliability.The maintenance of urban rail transit train doors was taken as an example,and the simulation results showed that compared with the single component sequential maintenance strategy,the multi-level opportunity maintenance strategy based on reliability proposed could effectively reduce parking times,save maintenance costs and improve operation efficiency.In an overview of the method,a scientific basis and theoretical reference could be provided to the opportunity maintenance of rail transit equipment.

Key words: train, fault correlation, reliability, preventive maintenance, multi-level opportunity maintenance

摘要： 针对现有城市轨道列车车辆检修策略中的过维修和欠维修,以及机会维修单一等问题,提出一种基于可靠性的预防性多梯度机会维修策略。通过分析历史故障数据,对不同部件设置不同等级的机会维修阈值,建立了灵活的多梯度机会维修策略。在维修策略中引入故障率递增因子和役龄回退因子,采用故障性维修、预防性维修、多梯度机会维修和预防性更换相结合的维护方式,得出总成本最低的最佳预防性维修周期和维修次数。以某城市轨道列车检修为例进行实例仿真表明,相比单部件顺序维修策略,所提基于可靠性的多梯度机会维修策略可有效减少停车次数、节省维护费用、提高运营效率,从而为城市轨道列车的预防性维修提供科学依据和理论参考。

关键词: 列车, 故障相关性, 可靠性, 预防性维修, 多梯度机会维修