Abstract: The development and application of New generation Information Technology (New IT) has brought new development trends and new demands for future satellite industry.How to employ and integrate the New IT into satellite engineering and industry to meet this trends and development is a key issue.Meanwhile,the needs for enhancing the capability of overall management and process control in large satellite projects and promoting the transformation and upgrading of satellite industry to be more digitalized,networked,intelligent and service-oriented are increasing.Therefore,digital twin,a new technology which can be integrated and fused with most New IT (including cloud computing,Internet of things,big data,artificial intelligence,5G,etc.),was employed and introduced into satellite industry (including key stages,key scenarios and key entities),and a novel concept of Digital Twin Satellite (DTS) was proposed and studied.The composition of DTS was analyzed from the spatial dimension,including DTS experimental verification system,DTS assembly shop-floor,DTS product,and DTS network.Then the core elements of DTS were illustrated from the time dimension,including model thread,data thread,and service thread.The key technologies of DTS were put forward.The applications of DTS in different stages were discussed from the life cycle dimension,including satellite overall design,detailed design,production and manufacturing (including general assembly,integration and testing),on-orbit service and health management,network operation and maintenance management.It is expected this study can provide references for satellite industry development and satellite engineering construction in the future.

Key words: digital twin satellite, digital twin, satellite engineering, satellite network, five-dimension digital twin model, life cycle, new generation information technology

摘要： 在分析卫星产业发展趋势与升级转型新需求后,为推动卫星与新技术融合发展,提升大型卫星工程的整体管理水平与流程管控能力,促进卫星产业数字化、网络化、智能化、服务化转型升级,将数字孪生技术与卫星工程的关键环节、关键场景、关键对象紧密结合,探讨提出了数字孪生卫星的概念。为阐述数字孪生卫星内涵,以卫星互联网项目为背景,从空间维度对数字孪生卫星的组成进行了分析,包括数字孪生卫星试验验证系统、数字孪生卫星总装车间、数字孪生卫星产品、数字孪生卫星网络等。从时间维度对数字孪生卫星核心要素,包括模型线程(Model Thread)、数据线程(Data Thread)、服务线程(Service Thread),进行了阐述。在此基础上提出了数字孪生卫星关键技术体系,并结合前期已开展的相关实践工作,从全生命周期视角对数字孪生卫星在卫星总体设计、详细设计、生产制造(含装配、集成与测试)、在轨服务与健康管理、网络运维管理各阶段的应用进行了探讨,以期为未来卫星产业发展,卫星工程和卫星互联网工程建设提供参考。

关键词: 数字孪生卫星, 数字孪生, 卫星工程, 卫星互联网, 数字孪生五维模型, 全生命周期, 新一代信息技术