Abstract: At present,Digital twin(DT)is drawing significant attention from the academia,industry,finance,and governments.However,people from different fields have different understandings and cognitions about DT.At the same time,there are confusions about the similarities and differences among new concepts,new terms and new technologies of DT.Moreover,users and enterprises are puzzled whether DT is suitable to them.To understand and treat DT in a rational way,and further master the research status of DT in worldwide,the literatures about DT published up to December 31,2019 are summarized and analyzed statistically from various dimensions,including the time distribution,country distribution,source publication distribution,scholar distribution,research institution distribution,and high-frequency keyword distribution.On this basis,the following 10 key questions towards DT have been intensively studied.1.What is DT? 2.Who focus on DT? 3.In which country is DT more popular,China,America,or Germany? 4.What is the relationship between DT and smart manufacturing? 5.Can DT be integrated with new generation of information technologies(New IT)? 6.Are there any scientific problems with DT? 7.What are the usages of DT? 8.What is the application criterion of DT? 9.Does DT need standards? 10.Does DT need commercial tools or platforms? It is expected to provide references and guidance for researchers to further understand DT,for decision-makers to put DT in perspective,and for practitioners to better apply DT in practice.

Key words: digital twin, smart manufacturing, ten questions, New IT, application criterion, standards, tools and platforms

摘要： 当前数字孪生备受学术界、工业界、金融界以及政府部门关注。然而各界对数字孪生存在不同的理解和认识,对数字孪生相关新概念、新名词、新技术之间的异同存在疑惑,并且对是否适用数字孪生存在决策困惑。为理性和正确看待数字孪生,笔者团队于2019年7月27日在“第三届数字孪生与智能制造服务学术会议”上做了“数字孪生十问：分析与思考”同名题目学术交流报告,对有关问题和国内学者进行了交流讨论。为进一步了解数字孪生国内外学术研究现状,在相关报告内容及思考基础上,首先从时间分布、国家分布、来源出版物分布、研究机构和学者分布、高频关键词分布等不同维度,对2019年12月31日前发表的数字孪生学术论文进行了统计分析。在此基础上,进一步对当前各界关注的①何为数字孪生？②谁在关注数字孪生？③数字孪生：中、美、德,谁更热？④数字孪生与智能制造的关系是什么？⑤数字孪生能否与新一代信息技术(New IT)融合？⑥数字孪生是否存在科学问题？⑦数字孪生何用？⑧数字孪生适用准则是什么？⑨数字孪生是否需要标准？⑩数字孪生是否需要商业化工具/平台？十个问题进行了深入分析与思考,以期抛砖引玉,为研究者更好理解数字孪生,为决策者理性和正确对待数字孪生,为实践者更好落地应用数字孪生提供参考。

关键词: 数字孪生, 智能制造, 十问, 新一代信息技术, 适用准则, 标准, 工具与平台