Abstract: Aiming at the problems of scattered and uncertain demand,difficulty in matching supply and demand as well as high operating costs in the current rural “last-mile” end distribution,the split loads was put forward to deal with the rural logistics demand,that was to complete the delivery of certain orders in multiple trips rather than one trip,so as to create opportunities for a reduction in the number of vehicles used and transportation cost.By establishing the model,the impact of split loads strategy on rural “last-mile” logistics transportation cost was analyzed,and the proposed strategy was applied to the actual case of rural “last-mile” logistics distribution for revealing the potential benefits of split loads strategy in rural “last-mile” logistics.The research results showed that the split loads strategy had different cost benefits to different sizes of demand orders.When the size of demand order was just over half the capacity of the vehicle,the maximum cost savings would be generated.

Key words: rural logistics, last-mile, split loading policies, vehicle filling problem, vehicle routing problem, transportation cost

摘要： 针对当前部分地区农村 “最后一公里”物流领域末端配送中的需求存在分散、供需地之间距离远、运营成本居高不下等问题,提出对农村物流需求进行拆分装载,即通过多次运输而非一次性运输对某些订单进行配送,从而为减少车辆的使用频率和降低运输成本创造机会。通过建立模型,分析采取拆分装载策略对农村“最后一公里”物流运输成本的影响,并将这一策略应用到宜昌秭归地区农村“最后一公里”物流配送的实际案例中,揭示了拆分装载策略在农村“最后一公里”物流中存在的潜在效益。结果表明,拆分装载策略对不同大小范围内的需求订单会不同程度地节省成本,当需求订单的大小刚好超过车容量的一半时,能够最大程度地节省成本。

关键词: 农村物流, 最后一公里, 拆分装载策略, 车辆装载问题, 车辆路径问题, 运输成本