Abstract: Aiming at the fresh food logistics problem,a joint distribution mode with the characteristic of half-open among multi-distribution centers was presented.By considering the timeliness requirements of fresh foods transport,time window and penalty costs were presented,and the optimization model minimizing the total cost of transportation cost,dispatch cost,time penalty costs and wastage cost was constructed.An ant colony algorithm was designed to solve the optimization model.The validity and practicability of the proposed model and algorithm were verified with numerical examples and analyses.Furthermore,the comparative analysis illustrated that the joint distribution mode with the characteristic of half-open and multi-distribution centers was better than independent distribution mode with single distribution.The joint distribution mode could make a quick response to customers' fresh food requirements,and the distribution efficiency was improved due to the quick response.Since the average distance needed to satisfy the customers' demands was decreased,the wastage of fresh foods was also reduced.Therefore,the joint distribution mode with multi-distribution centers was rather propitious to the development of fresh food logistics,especially on cost reduction.

Key words: fresh food, multi-depot, joint distribution, half-open vehicle routing problem, ant colony algorithm, logistics

摘要： 针对生鲜品的物流配送问题,提出一种半开放式的多配送中心联合配送模式。考虑到生鲜品运输的时效性要求,设计了相应的时间窗及惩罚成本,构建了以车辆运输成本、派遣成本、时间惩罚成本及生鲜损耗成本等总和最小的优化模型,并设计了蚁群算法对其进行求解。通过算例对比验证了模型与算法的有效性。算例实验表明,半开放式多配送中心联合配送模式优于以往单配送中心独立配送模式,能快速对客户的生鲜需求做出响应,提高物流配送效率,减少生鲜品的损耗,进而降低总的物流配送成本,促进生鲜物流的快速发展。

关键词: 生鲜品, 多配送中心, 联合配送, 半开放式车辆路径问题, 蚁群算法, 物流