Abstract: To analyze the participants'cooperative and competitive relationship of cloud manufacturing ecosystem and its impact on individual development ,and to investigate the stability and balance of the system,an evolution model of cooperative and competitive relationship of individuals was put forward.The concept of individual niche was defined according to the role and the status of participants in cloud manufacturing ecosystem,and the calculation method of niche breadth and niche overlap was discussed.On this basis,a dynamics model for cooperative and competitive relationship of individuals was built.Simulation analysis showed that niche breadth and overlap had great impact on individual development,and the individuals of wide niche and lower overlap had better adaptability and broad development space.The initial states had an important influence to earlier stage of development but no obvious effect on latter period.The impact of changing competitive environment on new population was significant.Individuals of different competitiveness could coexist in some extent competence.Cooperation was beneficial to the coexistence in different individuals,and the improvement of cooperation level was rose with benefits of individuals.

Key words: cloud manufacturing ecosystem, evolution model of cooperation and competition, niche theory, simulation analysis

摘要： 为分析云制造生态系统参与主体间竞争合作关系及其对个体发展的影响,了解系统平衡性和稳定性,提出一种基于生态位的个体竞争合作演化模型。根据云制造生态系统中参与者的角色和地位,定义了个体生态位的概念,讨论了生态位宽度和重叠度的计算方法;在此基础上,构建了个体间竞争合作关系演化发展的动力学模型。仿真分析表明：生态位宽度和重叠度对个体发展影响巨大,具备宽的生态位和低重叠度的个体具有更好的适应性和发展空间;初始状态对个体前期发展有重要影响,在后期则影响不明显;竞争环境的变化对新生个体具有显著影响,在一定程度的竞争环境下,具有不同竞争能力的个体能够共存;合作有利于个体间的共存,合作关系越强,个体获利越大。

关键词: 云制造生态系统, 竞争合作演化模型, 生态位理论, 仿真分析