关键词: 加工路径优化, 空行程, 遗传算法, 四主轴头, 五轴机床, 防碰撞

Abstract: Aiming at the time-consuming problem of four-spindle heads and multi-step machining empty stroke,based on the principle of the shortest empty stroke path,a collision-free multi-step machining path optimization method was studied.A four-spindle-head machine tool was used as the object to determine the joint coordinate system.Based on the single-sided machining empty stroke planning,a multi-faceted empty stroke calculation model and an anti-collision multi-step path optimization model were established.Based on the principle of priority ordering on the same side,the greedy algorithm was integrated on the basis of the inner GA-PSO algorithm,and a two-layer GA-PSO optimization algorithm was proposed.The inner layer algorithm was used to optimize the path trajectory on a single surface,and the outer layer algorithm was used to optimize the processing sequence between multiple surfaces.Through the continuous iteration between the inner and outer layer optimization algorithms to optimize the idle stroke layer by layer,the overall multi-step path optimization was realized.A case study of the double-layer GA-PSO algorithm was carried out.Compared with the genetic algorithm,it had a faster convergence speed and a shorter processing path.Finally,the feasibility of the path optimization algorithm was further verified by virtual simulation.

Key words: machining path optimization, empty stroke, genetic algorithms, four-spindle head, five-axis machine tool, anti-collision