Abstract: Laser and wire additive manufacturing (LWAM) is a cost-effective,high-efficiency and powder-free 3D printing technology gradually utilized in industries such as aerospace,shipbuilding,nuclear power and other fields.However,the LWAM processing procedure is highly susceptible to defects like porosity,cracks and deformations,which seriously hindered the large-scale engineering application of LWAM technology.To address this issue,defect monitoring technology has become one of the key research directions in LWAM.By reviewing recent literature in this field,the principles of LWAM process and the mechanisms of defect formation were summarized.Next,the methods for monitoring of LWAM process using multiple sensors were introduced.The defect monitoring methods for LWAM components based on both physical models and data-driven approaches were summarized separately.Finally,the existing problems of current LWAM defect monitoring technologies were analyzed,and future development trends of LWAM defect monitoring technologies were projected,providing a reference for theoretical research and industrial applications in this field.

Key words: laser and wire additive manufacturing, physical model, data-driven model, defect monitoring

摘要： 激光熔丝增材制造(LWAM)是一种低成本、高效率和无粉末污染的3D打印技术,逐渐应用于航空航天、船舶和核电等领域。然而,LWAM加工过程极易产生气孔、裂纹和变形等缺陷,严重阻碍了LWAM技术大规模工程应用。为解决这一难题,缺陷监测技术已成为LWAM研究的重点方向之一。首先,通过查阅近年来该方向文献,综述LWAM工艺原理和缺陷形成机理;接着,介绍多传感器LWAM过程监测方法,分别总结基于物理模型和基于数据驱动的LWAM制件缺陷监测方法;最后,分析现有LWAM缺陷监测技术存在的问题,展望未来LWAM缺陷监测技术的发展趋势,为本领域的理论研究以及工业应用提供参考。

关键词: 激光熔丝增材制造, 物理模型, 数据驱动模型, 缺陷监测