Abstract: The traditional design of excavator working device is conservative,which leads to a large amount of energy,resources and environmental emissions.To solve this problem,a structure lightweight method based on adaptive approximate model was proposed.The comprehensive contributions of the design parameters of the boom to mass,deformation and stress were calculated,and the parameters with significant effects were selected as design variables.The resource pool of the approximate model was constructed,and the response surfaces of the approximate model were built adaptively according to the maximum determination coefficient.On this basis,an optimization model with the minimum mass as the target and stress and deformation as the constraint was established.Combined with the genetic algorithm,the lightweight design of the structure was carried out.The results showed that the proposed method could reduce the weight of a certain type of hydraulic excavator boom by 9.38%,and the finite element simulation verified that the stress and deformation met the design requirements of the boom.

Key words: adaptive approximation model, excavator, lightweight design, entropy TOPSIS, green design

摘要： 为解决挖掘机工作装置传统设计保守,导致大量能源资源消耗以及严重的环境排放问题,提出一种基于自适应近似模型的结构轻量化设计方法。计算结构设计参数对质量、变形和应力的综合贡献度,筛选作用显著的参数作为设计变量。构建近似模型资源池,根据最大的决定系数自适应构建近似模型的响应面。在此基础上建立以最小质量为目标,应力与变形为约束的优化模型,结合遗传算法开展结构轻量化设计。结果表明所提方法实现某型号液压挖掘机动臂减重9.38%,并通过仿真验证应力和变形满足动臂的设计要求。

关键词: 自适应近似模型, 挖掘机, 轻量化设计, 熵值TOPSIS, 绿色设计