Abstract: Building an efficient power battery recycling network plays an important role in the development of New Energy Vehicle (NEV) industry.Considering the supply chain operation characteristics of power battery recycling network,the grounded theory was applied to analyze the relationship between the technical requirements of recycling participants coordination,recycling information traceability and recycling process supervision in the recycling traceability management of NEV power battery under the traditional recycling mode and the technical characteristics of Blockchain,such as distributed bookkeeping,consensus mechanism and smart contract.The feasible path was analyzed about information sharing among recycling participants and network transmission of recycling information with Blockchain technology,and a platform model of recycling supply chain information was built composed of basic layer (recycling information flow data storage),core layer (recycling information sharing and transmission) and application layer (recycling participant cooperation).A recycling supply chain system of NEV power battery was formed based on Blockchain technology,and the features of four recycling supply chain modes included Battery-Maker-Lead (BML),Vehicle-Maker-Lead (VML),Maker-Association-Lead (MAL) and Third-Party-Lead (TPL) were analyzed.The efficiency of various recycling modes was evaluated by a designed DEA model.The research showed that the efficiency of recycling supply chain modes supported by Blockchain technology was higher than that of traditional recycling mode,and the efficiency of MAL and TPL was the highest,followed by BML's and VML's.The research conclusion provided reference and enlightenment for enterprises to use Blockchain technology for NEV power battery recycling networks constructed and operation optimized.

Key words: Blockchain technology, power battery recycling, recycling supply chain, recycling mode, efficiency evaluation, data envelopment analysis

摘要： 构建高效的动力电池回收网络对新能源汽车产业发展具有重要的作用。考虑到动力电池回收网络的供应链运营特征,首先,应用扎根理论对传统回收模式下新能源汽车动力电池回收溯源管理中存在的回收主体间协调、回收信息溯源和回收过程监管等技术需求,与区块链分布式记账、共识机制、智能合约等技术特性之间的关系进行分析;其次,分析区块链技术下回收主体间信息共享和回收信息网络化传递的可行路径,构建由基础层(回收信息流数据存储)、核心层(回收信息共享传递)和应用层(回收参与方协作)构成的回收供应链信息平台模型;再次,搭建基于区块链的新能源汽车动力电池回收供应链体系框架,分析电池生产商主导(BML)、整车生产企业主导(VML)、生产商联合体主导(MAL)和第三方主导(TPL)等四种回收供应链模式的特点;最后,通过构建DEA模型对回收效率进行实证分析和量化评价。研究表明,区块链技术下的回收供应链模式其效率高于传统回收模式,且MAL模式和TPL模式下的回收效率最高,BML模式和VML模式下的回收效率则次之。研究结论为企业应用区块链技术进行新能源汽车动力电池回收网络构建与回收运营决策优化提供参考。

关键词: 区块链技术, 动力电池回收, 回收供应链, 回收模式, 效率评价, 数据包络分析