Abstract: To reduce the maintenance costs for rail transit trains,by considering the component failure risk level with profit-loss ratio and describing the different repair methods with adopted age reduction factor,a global optimization threshold opportunity maintenance strategy optimization model was built based on the traditional time threshold opportunistic maintenance strategy.The minimal average maintenance costs ratio was taken as the optimization goal to optimize the opportunity maintenance age and the risk level of components,and the optimal opportunity maintenance strategy was determined.The maintenance of train running parts from a subway company was analyzed as an example,and the results showed that the operation and maintenance costs of the train running parts could be reduced effectively,the over-maintenance problem in traditional opportunity maintenance could also be controlled,both of which lead the train operation efficiency improved.In an overview of the method,a theoretical and practical reference was provided for maintenance decision-making of rail transit equipment.

Key words: opportunity maintenance, global optimization, metro train, walking department, loss of life

摘要： 为了降低轨道交通列车的运维费用,在传统基于时间阈值的机会维护策略基础上,考虑部件故障风险水平和利润—损失比率,采用役龄回退因子描述不同维修方式,提出基于全局优选阈值的机会维护策略优化模型。该模型以平均维修费用率最低为优化目标,对部件机会维护役龄和风险水平进行优化,进而确定最优机会维护策略。以某地铁公司列车走行部部件维修为例,通过对比分析证明,该模型能够有效降低列车走行部部件的运营维修费用,控制传统机会维护中的维修过剩问题,提高列车运营效率,从而为轨道交通装备的维修决策提供理论和实践参考。

关键词: 机会维护, 全局优选, 城轨列车, 走行部, 寿命损失